Transition metals
Vanadium
A hard transition metal that strengthens steel alloys.
Atomic #23Mass50.942Blockd-blockPeriod4Group5
V23 · 50.942
3D Atom Explorer
Inside the Vanadium atom
Switch between Bohr and Quantum Cloud modes to compare a simple teaching model with a more realistic probability-based view, and follow the guided tour to explore the Vanadium atom step by step.
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Electron configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
A neutral Vanadium atom has 23 electrons (equal to its proton count). Choosing a different isotope above changes only the neutron count.
Shell distribution
Shell 12 e⁻Shell 28 e⁻Shell 311 e⁻Shell 42 e⁻
Electrons fill inner shells before outer ones; the outermost (valence) shell drives the element's chemistry.
Properties
Physical & atomic properties
- State (room temp)
- Solid
- Melting point
- 2183 K (1910 °C)
- Boiling point
- 3680 K (3407 °C)
- Density
- 6.11 g/cm³
- Electronegativity
- 1.63 Pauling
- Atomic radius
- 135 pm
- 1st ionization energy
- 651 kJ/mol
- Category
- Transition metals
History
Discovery & naming
- Discovered
- 1801
- Discovered by
- Andrés Manuel del Río
- Origin of name
- Vanadis, a Norse goddess.
Notable uses
High-strength steel alloys and chemical catalysts.
Cosmic origin
Where Vanadium comes from
Supernovae
Produced in the explosive burning layers of supernovae.
Simplified origin map — many elements form through more than one astrophysical pathway.
Summary
- Atomic number
- 23
- Atomic mass
- 50.942
- Category
- Transition metals
- Group · Period
- 5 · 4
- Block
- d-block
- Shells
- 2 · 8 · 11 · 2