Transition metals
Rutherfordium
The first transactinide, a highly radioactive synthetic metal.
Atomic #104Mass[267]Blockd-blockPeriod7Group4
Rf104 · [267]
3D Atom Explorer
Inside the Rutherfordium atom
Switch between Bohr and Quantum Cloud modes to compare a simple teaching model with a more realistic probability-based view, and follow the guided tour to explore the Rutherfordium atom step by step.
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Electron configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
A neutral Rutherfordium atom has 104 electrons (equal to its proton count). Choosing a different isotope above changes only the neutron count.
Shell distribution
Shell 12 e⁻Shell 28 e⁻Shell 318 e⁻Shell 432 e⁻Shell 532 e⁻Shell 610 e⁻Shell 72 e⁻
Electrons fill inner shells before outer ones; the outermost (valence) shell drives the element's chemistry.
Properties
Physical & atomic properties
- State (room temp)
- Unknown
- Melting point
- —
- Boiling point
- —
- Density
- —
- Electronegativity
- —
- Atomic radius
- —
- 1st ionization energy
- 580 kJ/mol
- Category
- Transition metals
History
Discovery & naming
- Discovered
- 1964
- Discovered by
- Dubna and Berkeley teams
- Origin of name
- Physicist Ernest Rutherford.
Notable uses
Scientific research only.
Cosmic origin
Where Rutherfordium comes from
Human synthesis
The first transactinide: synthetic, and studied only a few atoms at a time.
Simplified origin map — many elements form through more than one astrophysical pathway.
Summary
- Atomic number
- 104
- Atomic mass
- [267]
- Category
- Transition metals
- Group · Period
- 4 · 7
- Block
- d-block
- Shells
- 2 · 8 · 18 · 32 · 32 · 10 · 2