Transition metals
Manganese
A brittle metal crucial to steelmaking and batteries.
Atomic #25Mass54.938Blockd-blockPeriod4Group7
Mn25 · 54.938
3D Atom Explorer
Inside the Manganese atom
Switch between Bohr and Quantum Cloud modes to compare a simple teaching model with a more realistic probability-based view, and follow the guided tour to explore the Manganese atom step by step.
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Electron configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
A neutral Manganese atom has 25 electrons (equal to its proton count). Choosing a different isotope above changes only the neutron count.
Shell distribution
Shell 12 e⁻Shell 28 e⁻Shell 313 e⁻Shell 42 e⁻
Electrons fill inner shells before outer ones; the outermost (valence) shell drives the element's chemistry.
Properties
Physical & atomic properties
- State (room temp)
- Solid
- Melting point
- 1519 K (1246 °C)
- Boiling point
- 2334 K (2061 °C)
- Density
- 7.44 g/cm³
- Electronegativity
- 1.55 Pauling
- Atomic radius
- 140 pm
- 1st ionization energy
- 717 kJ/mol
- Category
- Transition metals
History
Discovery & naming
- Discovered
- 1774
- Discovered by
- Johan Gottlieb Gahn
- Origin of name
- From Latin 'magnes', related to magnesia.
Notable uses
Steelmaking, aluminium alloys, and batteries.
Cosmic origin
Where Manganese comes from
Supernovae
Largely produced by thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae — the detonation of white dwarf stars.
Simplified origin map — many elements form through more than one astrophysical pathway.
Summary
- Atomic number
- 25
- Atomic mass
- 54.938
- Category
- Transition metals
- Group · Period
- 7 · 4
- Block
- d-block
- Shells
- 2 · 8 · 13 · 2